The range starts south of the tapti river near the border of gujarat and maharashtra, and runs approximately 1600 km through the states of maharashtra, goa, karnataka, kerala, and tamil nadu, almost to the southern tip of the. Nov 04, 2016 the book titled flora of the southern western ghats and palnis. Pdf endemic flowering plants of northern western ghats. With deciduous and tropical rainforests, montane forests, grasslands and scrub forests, the region has one of the richest collection of flora and fauna on earth and has been designated as one of the world. Western ghats receives an average of 3000 mm rainfall per annum and is a treasure house of exotic varieties of plants, a god given blessing to humanity. They are believed to have been formed during the breakup of the super continent of gondwana some 150 million years mya ago. Exotic products of western ghats is carried to outside india through the. The western side of the western ghats is on the threshold of southwest monsoon and receives a rainfall of 203254 cm, and the eastern side lies in the rainshadow area of the peninsula. State of biodiversity in maharashtra western ghatsapn project. Also try to include a brief description about the subject along with the locationif available. Forest trees of the western ghats authored by neginhal s.
Watershed mapping and land cover classification in indias western ghats. They form a complex ecosystem conserving water, supporting forests and a rich wildlife. Pdf butterflies of western ghats second edition 2018 3. When we think of the western ghats, we often think of kerala or karnataka, maharashtra or goa however many forget that some of the most popular hill stations and forests in tamil nadu are part of this bio diversity hotspot and unesco world heritage site. The range covers 60,000km 2 and forms the catchment area for a complex of river systems that drain almost 40% of india. A total of 38 orchid specialists, botanists, conservationists and ecologists participated in the workshop. The rainforest of india runs parallel to the arabian sea along with west coast of india and form one of the top ten hottest biodiversity hotspots in the world. The western ghats or sahyadri mountains run along the western edge of indias deccan plateau, and separate the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the arabian sea. Digital herbarium of angiospermic plants of western ghats. Western ghats is anamudi found in the idukki district of kerala. Spottings of pets, domesticated or caged animals and garden plants are not eligible for this mission. The western ghats are a chain of hills extending more than 1,600km along the west coast of india, separating goa from the state of karnataka.
Pdf on dec, 2014, t v ramachandra and others published conservation and sustainable management of wetland ecosystems in western ghats find, read and cite all the research you need on. Report of the western ghats ecology expert panel pdf. A new species, anisochilus propecephalus lamiaceae from kanyakumari, western ghats, india is described and. The main types of soils met with in the western ghats are. The eastern ghats are older than the western ghats, and have a complex geologic history related to the assembly and breakup of the ancient supercontinent of rodinia and the assembly of the gondwana supercontinent. The direct and indirect needs of around thirty crore people of these six states for drinking water and irrigation are invariably met by western ghats.
Bhadra wildlife sanctuary is located at the northern end of the malabar ranges and the southern tip of the sahyadri ranges and bird species from both ranges can be seen here. The western ghats are home to more than 5000 species of plants and about 35% of these are endemic to this area. This project covers prominent tree species and shrubs from 10 districts, located in western ghat regions of maharashtra, viz. The western ghats are one of the worlds biodiversity hotspots with over 5,000 flowering plants, 9 mammals, 508 birds and 179 amphibian species. Media in category flora of the western ghats the following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. This book contains description of all forest trees in peninsular india and most of srilanka too. Their positioning makes the western ghats biologically rich and biogeographically unique a veritable treasure house of biodiversity. As many as 58 major rivers originate here, including the sacred godavari, the cauvery and the krishna. Western ghats gallery unesco world heritage centre. It has rich and unique assemblage of flora and fauna mi ttermeier et al. Digital herbarium of angiospermic plants of western ghats of. India birding tour western ghats endemics this india birding tour is for birders who would like to target the elusive endemics of the western ghats in south india. Understorey shrub community, evergreen forests, western ghats, endemism, india. Serial nomination of the western ghats of india unesco world.
Similarly, western ghats supports a good diversity of biologically i nteresting plants like the insectivorous species droseraceae, lentibulariaceae, pa rasitic plants lauraceae, cuscutaceae. Data on plant species and their distribution in the western ghats are increasingly available, which permits us to crosscheck. This is an ancient species which is endemic to southern western ghats is thought to have evolved around 26 million years ago during the midoligocene key highlights. Team of researchers, from indian institute of science iisc, bengaluru while attempting to study and classify snakes in western ghats discovered proahaetulla antiqua, a new vine snake species. At least 325 globally threatened species occur here. They are more or less parallel to the western coast of india. Some plants have been discovered very recently in the last decade.
What is the difference between eastern ghats and western. Western ghats is a unique mountain system caressing five states in india covers approximately 1,60,000 sq km and runs nearly 1600 km. There are vast tea estates and pockets of shola cloud forest on the mountains, lush lowland rainforests in the western lowlands, and savannahlike dry forests in the. This lesson helps one yield indepth knowledge about western and eastern ghats.
Pdf conservation and sustainable management of wetland. Forests, evergreen and deciduous forests, slopes of ghats, open areas, undergrowth in semievergreen forests, cultivated fields and plains. Indias western ghats is one of 25 biodiversity hot spots in the world and is home to the kudremukh national park, an area characterized by rich evergreen forest and significant populations of endangered species, including the liontailed macaque and tiger. Sandalwood is found in the drier regions in south india, in the states of karnataka and tamil nadu, up to 1400 m. The ghats are also home to special kind of fresh water swamps known as myristica swamps. Cons syrup by western ghats is an ayurvedic proprietary medicine. Western ghats world heritage site pictures, info and. Larval host plants of the buterfies of the western ghats, india. The uplift of the western part of the continent had several repercussions it explains the orientation of the big rivers of the plateau towards the east. The western ghats wg, also known by the name sahyadri, constitute a 1600km long, about 4565 million years old, mountain chain along the west coast of india, originating from south of tapti river near the border of gujarat and maharashtra, and extending up to kanyakumari, at the southernmost tip of the indian peninsula. Butterflies of western ghats final draft the ebook can be downloaded free of cost and used on any smart phone or computer. Welcome to the lush western ghats, some of the most precious heat relief in india. Western ghatss 39 serial sites made it to the unesco world heritage list. Western ghats is a series of hills, valleys, mountains that form a part of the south western part of india.
It is mucolytic and expectorant that helps to liquefy the mucus and forces them out of the respiratory tract to facilitate smooth breathing. Cons is a rational combination of herbs and spices that is proved excellent for cough. Extensive field and literature survey of trees in eastern ghats yielded 560 tree taxa under 262 genera belonging to 80 families out of the estimated 2500 species of flowering plants in eastern ghats. Copyright 2016 diversity of agaric mycota of western ghats. It receives an annual rainfall of between 2,000 mm. Western ghats is a magnificent mountain range next only to himalayas and is a biological treasure trove with a high degree of endemism 11% to 78% and scenic beauty. Buy flora of the southern western ghats and palnis book. Eastern ghats are highly significant in terms of its biodiversity. Digital herbarium of angiospermic plants of western ghats of maharashtra is a university grant commission, new delhi, funded project ugc reference no. We examined the species richness and distribution patterns of reptiles inhabiting the central western ghats moun. The western ghats, also known as sahyadri benevolent mountains, are a mountain range that covers an area of 140,000 square kilometres 54,000 sq mi in a stretch of 1,600 kilometres 990 mi parallel to the western coast of the indian peninsula, traversing the states of kerala, tamil nadu, karnataka, goa, maharashtra and gujarat. Wikimedia commons has media related to flora of the western ghats.
The range starts south of the tapti river near the border of gujarat and maharashtra, and runs approximately 1600 km through the states of maharashtra, goa, karnataka, kerala, and tamil nadu, almost to the. The nilgiris connect the biligiriranga hills in southeastern karnataka with the shevaroys and tirumala hills. Flora of western ghats, india welcome to worlds first website on flora of western ghats. The western ghats meet the eastern ghats at the nilgiri mountains in northwestern tamil nadu. A field guide, written by environment enthusiast pippa mukherjee, is one of the first books of its kind, helping the readers to identify the wildflowers of the western ghats, from southern western ghats covering karnataka, kerala and tamil nadu to palni hills in tamil nadu. The western ghats of kerala region is comprised with thirteen administrative districts and is a store house of agriculture economy. This unique ecosystem has been threatened by continuously. Vegetation and phytogeography of the western ghats. These ghats act as a barrier for the rainladen southwest monsoon winds, thus, making the western ghats the main watershed of peninsular india. The biogeographic zone of the western ghats is a 1,600 km long mountain range covering the states of gujarat, maharashtra, goa, karnataka, kerala, and tamil nadu. Pdf the western ghats is one of the 34 global biodiversity hotspots and harbors a rich diversity of flora and fauna with many endemic and ret species find, read and cite all the research. Natural resource management in indias western ghats clark labs. Among the 25 hot spots of the world, two are found in india extending into neighboring countries the western ghatssri lanka and the indoburma region covering the eastern himalayas. Biodiversity of western ghats india please mention habitat and provide descriptions when filling in spotttings.
Welcome to worlds first website on flora of western ghats. The western ghats is one of the eight hotspots of biological diversity in the world and is spread across six statesgujarat, maharashtra, goa, karnataka, tamil nadu and kerala. Aug 04, 2016 discover the western ghats in tamil nadu. The book titled flora of the southern western ghats and palnis. They lie at a distance of about 50 to 80 om the coast. Flora of the western ghats a major mountain range in western south india. The western ghats, also known as sahyadri benevolent mountains, are a mountain range.
The entire western ghats is known for its biodiversity, richness and endemism of different species. This book is a valuable field guide for identifying forest trees in the western and eastern ghats, deccan plateau and mangroves in southern india. Tree flora in eastern ghats of southern peninsular india. The eastern ghats are made up of charnockites, granite gneiss, khondalites, metamorphic gneisses and quartzite rock formations. Mar 31, 2018 the western ghats are located in the western part of peninsular india. The western ghats travel tamil nadu, india lonely planet. State of biodiversity in maharashtra erach bharucha director bharati vidyapeeth institute of environment education and research, pune email. Among the 25 hot spots of the world, two are found in india extending into neighboring countries the western ghats sri lanka and the indoburma region covering the eastern himalayas. Flora of the western ghats a major mountain range in western south india subcategories. Within this mountainous area, which covers around 140,000km 2 and stretches some 1,600 km through india, there are at least 325 globally. The major seven clusters of western ghats are agasthyamala, periyar, anamala, nilagiri, thalakkaveri, kudhramukh and sahyadri. The three parts of western ghats which are northern western ghats, central western ghats and southern western ghats are comprehensively explained with. Norman myers included the western ghats amongst the 25 biodiversity hotspots identified in the world the western ghats extend from the satpura range in the north, go south past goa, through karnataka and into kerala and tamil nadu end at. Western ghats also known as the great escarpment of india is home to wide ranges of wild animal and bird species.
Western ghats and sri lanka hotspot, one of 34 global biodiversity hotspots for conservation. Seven subclusters of the western ghats in the states of kerala, tamil nadu. Rising like an impassable bulwark of evergreen and deciduous tangle, from north of mumbai to the tip of tamil nadu, the world heritagelisted ghats with an average elevation of 915m contain 27% of indias flowering plant species and an incredible array of endemic wildlife. Location is to be accurately selected in map, this will help others to know where the birds are located. Senthilarasu g, kumaresan v 2016 diversity of agaric mycota of western ghats of karnataka, india. The range starts near the border of gujarat and maharashtra, south of the tapti river, and runs approximately 1600 km through the states of maharashtra, goa, karnataka. What is the location of the western ghats in india. Flowering plants of the western ghats efloraofindia. Western ghats, enchanting kerala, kerala tourism kerala. All birds seen in maharashtra, gujarat, goa, karnataka, tamilnadu and kerala states are eligible for this mission. Exotic products of western ghats is carried to outside india through the silk route and arabian sea from ancient time onwards.
The biodiversity of the western ghats in pictures scidev. S retd this book contains description of all forest trees in peninsular india and most of srilanka too. The range starts just south of mumbai, where plateaus transform into flowerbeds after the monsoon rain. The two ranges run roughly parallel to the bay of bengal and arabian sea coasts, respectively, from which they are separated by strips of fairly level coastal land. The beautiful green valley is home to thousands of wild animal species including at least 325 globally threatened species.
Recommendation western ghats and wild life preservation. These are one of the worlds eight hottest biodiversity hotspots along with sri lanka myers et al. Pages in category fauna of the western ghats the following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. Pdf flowering plants of the western ghats, india vol. The western ghats is one amongst the 25 biodiversity hotspots in the world. Spread over ten days, this tour takes you through rural india into the hills that make up the high biodiversity zone called the western ghats. Totally, 125 endemic orchids of the western ghats were assessed at the 5day workshop of which 98 species were endemic only to the western ghats and 27 had their range extending to eastern ghats also. However, the farming communities are poor and holding an average of 1 to 5 acres of land and intensive agriculture is practiced. The western ghats biodiversity hotspot is a 1,600 kilometre mountain chain that runs parallel to indias west coast. This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. The amazing wildlife in the rainforests of western ghats. The range is known as sahyadri in maharashtra and karnataka. However, the western ghats do have passes such as the bhor ghat, pal ghat, and thal ghat which makes it possible to travel through the western ghats despite the fact that they are continuous.
Analysis of threatened endemic trees of the western ghats of india. These volcanic upthrusts led to the formation of the northern third of the western ghats. Then she sheds light on the complete information pertaining to eastern ghats with clear illustrations. Further south, the mountains get higher, and grassy mountaintops alternate with forests along ridges. The western ghats,also known as sahyadri,is a range more or less parallel to the western coast of india. Although most of the peninsular rivers drain into the bay of bengal, their origin point is the western ghats. The western ghats or sahyadri runs north to south along the western edge of the deccan plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the arabian sea.
General introduction biodiversity of western ghats india is recognized as one of the worlds 12 megabiodiversity nations. The western ghats region of india is one of the most important areas for the conservation of biodiversity, its recognised as an unesco world heritage site and noted as one of the worlds eight hottest hotspots of biological diversity. The western ghats of india are a series of mountain ranges extending for more than 16,000 km 2 on the western coast of peninsular india, harbouring one of the finest tropical forests in the world. The western ghats are not true mountains, but are the faulted edge of the deccan plateau. The western ghats are a chain of highlands running along the western edge of the indian subcontinent, from bombay south to the southern tip of the. The western ghats are a chain of highlands running along the western edge of the indian subcontinent, from bombay south to the southern. The western ghats lies with the sahyadri mountains ranges along the western side of india and separates the deccan plateau from a narrow coastal plain of the arabian sea. About the western ghats the hill ranges of the western ghats, a global biodiversity hotspot, extend along the west coast of india from the river tapti in the north to the southern tip of india. The forests in the western ghats are the water towers of peninsular india.
1118 574 1096 1045 1139 87 99 747 816 1597 686 1021 289 163 1040 964 1183 1420 107 98 1128 773 78 1089 769 680 1421 1338 424 284 1548 509 443 1360 776 313 1132 730 66 251 209 1447 652 1435 342 1060